golpeado
/gol-pe-AH-do/
battered
The image shows a battered teddy bear, illustrating the adjective meaning of golpeado (battered/physically injured).
golpeado(Adjective)
battered
?physically injured
,damaged
?for objects or goods
beaten up
?informal, referring to a person
,dented
?referring to metal/cars
📝 In Action
El boxeador terminó el combate muy golpeado.
B1The boxer finished the fight very battered.
Tuvimos que devolver el paquete porque llegó golpeado.
A2We had to return the package because it arrived damaged.
La mesa vieja está golpeada en las esquinas.
B1The old table is damaged (or dented) on the corners.
💡 Grammar Points
Gender and Number Agreement
As an adjective, 'golpeado' must match the word it describes. If you are talking about a woman, you must say 'golpeada'. If you are talking about multiple items, use 'golpeados' or 'golpeadas'.
❌ Common Pitfalls
Forgetting the Gender Change
Mistake: "La caja estaba golpeado."
Correction: La caja estaba golpeada. (Since 'caja' is feminine, the adjective must also be feminine.)
⭐ Usage Tips
Use with 'Estar'
This adjective is most often used with the verb 'estar' (to be) to describe the resulting state or condition of the person or object.
A baseball has been hit, visualizing golpeado as the past participle 'hit'.
golpeado(Past Participle)
hit
?used with 'haber' (to have) to form perfect tenses
,struck
?used in the passive voice with 'ser' (to be)
beaten
?result of an action
📝 In Action
Hemos golpeado la puerta sin querer.
A2We have hit the door accidentally.
La campana fue golpeada por el sacristán.
B2The bell was struck by the sexton.
¿Quién ha golpeado el balón tan fuerte?
A2Who has hit the ball so hard?
💡 Grammar Points
Perfect Tenses
The form 'golpeado' is combined with the verb 'haber' (to have) to create perfect tenses, which describe actions completed in the past, like 'He golpeado' (I have hit).
Passive Voice
When used with the verb 'ser' (to be), it describes an action being done to the subject. In this case, it acts like an adjective and must agree in gender and number (e.g., 'La pelota fue golpeada').
❌ Common Pitfalls
Using 'Estar' for Perfect Tenses
Mistake: "Yo estoy golpeado la mesa."
Correction: Yo he golpeado la mesa. (Always use 'haber' for forming perfect tenses, not 'estar'.)
⭐ Usage Tips
Always Unchanging in Perfect Tenses
When used with 'haber' (He golpeado, Has golpeado, etc.), the ending of 'golpeado' never changes—it always stays masculine singular, regardless of who or what is doing the hitting.
✏️ Quick Practice
💡 Quick Quiz: golpeado
Question 1 of 2
Which sentence uses 'golpeado' correctly as a descriptive adjective?
📚 More Resources
Frequently Asked Questions
Is 'golpeado' the same as 'golpeando'?
No. 'Golpeado' is the past form (the equivalent of 'hit' or 'struck') used for completed actions. 'Golpeando' is the present continuous form (like '-ing' in English), meaning 'hitting' or 'striking'.
Why does 'golpeado' sometimes change its ending and sometimes not?
It changes its ending (golpeada, golpeados, etc.) when it acts as a descriptive word (an adjective, Definition 1), matching the gender and number of the noun. It does NOT change its ending when it is combined with the verb 'haber' to form perfect tenses (Definition 2).