How to Say "political refugee" in Spanish
The Spanish word for “political refugee” is “exiliado” — B1 level.

Examples
El exiliado vivía en París y escribía sobre su país.
The exile lived in Paris and wrote about his country.
Muchos exiliados regresaron cuando cambió el gobierno.
Many exiles returned when the government changed.
Ser un exiliado es una experiencia solitaria.
Being an exile is a lonely experience.
People and Gender
This word refers to a male person. If you are talking about a female, change the 'o' to 'a' (exiliada).
From Verb to Noun
This word actually comes from a verb, but here it acts as a name for a person who has undergone the action of being sent away.
Confusing with 'refugiado'
Mistake: “El exiliado de la guerra busca comida.”
Correction: El refugiado de la guerra busca comida. Use 'exiliado' specifically for someone forced out for political/legal reasons, often people with specific influence.
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