How to Say "so-called" in Spanish
The most common Spanish word for “so-called” is “denominado” — use 'denominado' when you are referring to a name or term that is commonly used or officially recognized, without implying any doubt about its validity.
denominado
deh-noh-mee-NAH-dohdenomiˈnaðo
Examples
Este método es denominado 'estudio de caso'.
This method is called a 'case study'.
Un grupo de científicos descubrió un nuevo planeta denominado Próxima B.
A group of scientists discovered a new planet named Proxima B.
El impuesto, técnicamente denominado IVA, se aplica a casi todas las compras.
The tax, technically termed VAT, applies to almost all purchases.
Matching the Noun
This word is a description, so its ending must change to match what you are describing. Use 'denominado' for masculine items and 'denominada' for feminine items.
A Formal Choice
While 'llamado' and 'denominado' both mean 'called,' 'denominado' is much more formal. Use it when writing essays or presenting a topic.
Using it for People
Mistake: “Mi amigo es denominado Juan.”
Correction: Mi amigo se llama Juan.
llamado
ya-MA-doʎaˈma.ðo
Examples
Conozco a un chico llamado Miguel.
I know a boy called Miguel.
Hay una película nueva llamada "Aventura en la Selva".
There's a new movie called "Adventure in the Jungle".
El llamado "artista" presentó una obra que nadie entendió.
The so-called "artist" presented a work that nobody understood.
Matching the Noun
As an adjective, llamado changes to match the person or thing it describes. Use llamado for masculine things and llamada for feminine things. For example: un perro llamado Fido (a male dog) vs. una gata llamada Luna (a female cat).
Forgetting to Change the Ending
Mistake: “Una mujer llamado Ana.”
Correction: Say `Una mujer llamada Ana.` The ending `-a` must match `mujer`, which is feminine.
Skepticism vs. Neutrality
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