This proverb comes from Spain's rich oral tradition of 'refranes' (sayings). It reflects the values of a society where 'honra' (honor and reputation) was paramount. A person's public image could define their entire life and social standing, making one's 'fama' an incredibly valuable, or dangerous, asset.

This is a cornerstone of Spanish folk wisdom, used across the Spanish-speaking world. It's a practical piece of advice and a social commentary rolled into one, teaching that the consequences of your actions (your reputation) will eventually allow you to relax or will perpetually haunt you. It speaks to the power of perception in social dynamics.

The proverb's power lies in its direct, cause-and-effect structure: 'Do X, and you can do Y.' The phrase 'acuéstate a dormir' (go to sleep) is a brilliant metaphor. It doesn't literally mean to sleep, but to rest on your laurels, to stop striving, because the public's opinion of you is already solidified and will do the work for you.