Inklingo

Illness & Symptoms in Spanish

When you're not feeling your best, knowing how to talk about it in Spanish is super helpful. This vocabulary set covers a range of illnesses, symptoms, and medical conditions, so you can communicate your needs effectively. It's useful for travelers, expats, or anyone wanting to understand health discussions in Spanish.

Quick Reference

SpanishEnglishExampleLevel
anxietySufre de mucha ansiedad social cuando tiene que hablar en público.B1
cancerSu tío está recibiendo tratamiento para el cáncer.B1
tirednessTengo mucho cansancio después de correr diez kilómetros.A2
to infectNo quiero contagiarte mi resfriado.A2
contagiousTen cuidado, el resfriado es muy contagioso.A2
depressionDespués de la pérdida, ella entró en una depresión profunda y necesitó terapia.C1
depressedDespués de la noticia, Juan estuvo deprimido por semanas.B1
doler
to hurt¿Te duele la espalda después de trabajar?A1
dolió
it hurtMe dolió mucho la espalda ayer.A2
dolor
painTengo un dolor de cabeza terrible.A1
painfulLa herida en mi rodilla es muy dolorosa.A2
duele
it hurtsMe duele la cabeza.A1

A2Elementary (33 words)

A small bird sitting on a tree branch with its eyes closed and head tucked under its wing.
cansancio

tiredness

Tengo mucho cansancio después de correr diez kilómetros.

A child sneezing into a tissue while another child stands nearby, representing the spread of a cold.
contagiar

to infect

No quiero contagiarte mi resfriado.

A child in bed with a thermometer in their mouth, surrounded by colorful germs floating in bubbles.
contagioso

contagious

Ten cuidado, el resfriado es muy contagioso.

A sad child sitting on the grass holding a bandaged knee with a single tear on their cheek.
dolió

it hurt

Me dolió mucho la espalda ayer.

A small child sitting down and holding their knee, which has a small scrape and is causing them discomfort.
doloroso

painful

La herida en mi rodilla es muy dolorosa.

A hiker sitting on a rock with their head resting in their hands, looking very tired.
fatiga

fatigue

Siento una gran fatiga después de trabajar doce horas.

A cartoon child's arm with a colorful blue and white polka dot bandage wrapped around a visible cut.
herido

wounded

El corredor estaba herido después de la caída, pero siguió corriendo.

A close-up illustration of a person's puffy, red, and enlarged ankle compared to a normal foot.
hinchado

swollen

Tengo el tobillo muy hinchado después de jugar al fútbol.

A child with a colorful adhesive bandage on their knee.
lesión

injury

El jugador tiene una lesión en el tobillo.

A person sitting on a sofa with a blanket, holding a warm mug and looking slightly tired with a thermometer nearby.
malestar

discomfort

Siento un malestar general por la gripe.

A friendly character with swirly spiral eyes and small yellow stars circling their head, looking wobbly and off-balance.
mareado

dizzy

Me siento un poco mareado después de girar tanto.

A character sitting on a bench with swirling spiral lines above their head to indicate feeling dizzy.
mareo

dizziness

Tengo un poco de mareo por el viaje en autobús.

A person sitting on a bed looking tired and holding an ice pack to their head.
resaca

hangover

Tengo una resaca terrible porque anoche bebí mucho vino.

A small red bandage on a person's finger with a single tiny drop of red blood.
sangrado

bleeding

El médico logró detener el sangrado de la herida.

A close-up of a cartoonish character's bandaged finger, showing a small, bright red drop of blood emerging from the wound.
sangrando

bleeding

Ten cuidado, tu rodilla sigue sangrando después de la caída.

A child sitting in bed with a thermometer in their mouth and a red flush on their cheeks.
síntoma

symptom

La fiebre es un síntoma de la gripe.

A person standing on a high balcony looking down with colorful spiral lines around their head.
vértigo

dizziness

Me da mucho vértigo mirar hacia abajo desde este balcón.

A bright red, spiky, spherical microscopic virus floating in a blue background, depicted in a simple storybook style.
virus

virus

El resfriado común es causado por un virus.

A simple illustration of a small, green creature leaning over a wooden bucket, clearly throwing up a stream of yellow liquid.
vomitar

vomit

El niño empezó a vomitar después de comer demasiados dulces.

A child sneezing into a tissue while holding a bouquet of colorful flowers.
alergia

allergy

Tengo alergia al polen.

A colorful illustration of a fresh red apple and a glass of water on a clean table, representing a healthy lifestyle.
diabetes

diabetes

Mi abuelo tiene diabetes.

A healthy bowl of colorful vegetables and a syringe with a clear liquid representing medical care.
diabético

diabetic

Mi abuelo sigue una dieta diabética muy estricta.

A child resting in bed with a thermometer in their mouth and a bowl of soup nearby.
enfermar

to fall ill

Él suele enfermar cuando llega el invierno.

A large volcano with bright red lava flowing down its sides and a plume of smoke rising from the top.
erupción

eruption

El volcán entró en erupción después de muchos años.

A child wrapped in a thick blue blanket, their body slightly hunched and shoulders raised to show they are shivering from a chill.
escalofrío

shiver

Tengo escalofríos por la fiebre.

A colorful illustration of a human arm bone with a clean break in the middle.
fractura

fracture

El médico confirmó que el niño tiene una fractura en el brazo.

A computer screen displaying a glowing, pixelated green virus icon to represent a technological infection.
infectado

infected

Limpia bien la herida para que no se quede infectada.

A close-up of a person's forearm showing a small, purple and blue mark on the skin.
moretón

bruise

Me salió un moretón en el brazo.

A person sitting on a chair holding their stomach with a green, sickly expression on their face.
náusea

nausea

Tengo muchas náuseas por el viaje en barco.

A simple illustration of a person's red, irritated hand after touching a hot surface.
quemadura

burn

Tengo una quemadura en el dedo por tocar la estufa.

A small, simple scratch on a person's forearm with a single, bright red drop of blood forming.
sangrar

to bleed

Me corté el dedo y empezó a sangrar mucho.

A small bear character holding its stomach with a worried expression, walking quickly toward a bathroom door in a cozy home.
diarrea

diarrhea

Tengo una diarrea terrible desde ayer.

A sad cartoon dog sitting on a wooden floor next to a small green puddle.
vómito

vomit

Limpié el vómito del bebé con una toalla.

B1Intermediate (31 words)

A small child sitting on the floor, hugging their knees tightly, with a worried or distressed expression. A small, dark gray cloud hovers directly above the child's head.
ansiedad

anxiety

Sufre de mucha ansiedad social cuando tiene que hablar en público.

A simple, stylized pink ribbon tied into a loop, the universally recognized symbol for cancer awareness.
cáncer

cancer

Su tío está recibiendo tratamiento para el cáncer.

A small, sad blue teddy bear sits alone, looking slumped, with a tiny, dark gray rain cloud floating directly above its head.
deprimido

depressed

Después de la noticia, Juan estuvo deprimido por semanas.

A storybook illustration showing a doctor with a deeply serious and concerned expression on their face, representing a grave situation.
grave

serious

Su estado de salud es grave, necesita un médico inmediatamente.

A microscopic illustration of aggressive, spiky red bacteria attacking and invading a cluster of healthy, round pink body cells.
infección

infection

El doctor dijo que la herida tiene una infección grave.

A colorful illustration of a person's head with tangled, multi-colored yarn inside instead of a brain, representing a psychological disorder.
trastorno

disorder

El psicólogo diagnosticó un trastorno de ansiedad.

A small medicine bottle and a glass of water on a bedside table with a cozy blanket nearby.
crónico

chronic

Mi abuela sufre de dolor crónico en la espalda.

A storybook illustration of a person sitting on the floor, intently staring at a single sock held in their hands with a distressed expression, depicting an irrational or disturbed state of mind.
demente

insane

La idea de escalar esa montaña sin equipo me parece demente.

A row of simple people icons, several of whom are green and coughing to represent being unwell, standing next to each other.
epidemia

epidemic

Hubo una epidemia de gripe el invierno pasado.

A stylized, simple red human heart organ clutching its center with a look of sudden, intense pain, indicating a heart attack.
infarto

heart attack

El doctor dijo que el paciente sufrió un infarto grave.

A microscopic view of colorful green germs near a small red cut on a person's skin.
infectar

to infect

Lávate la herida para que no se llegue a infectar.

A close-up illustration of a swollen, red knee joint compared to a healthy one.
inflamación

inflammation

Tengo mucha inflamación en el tobillo después de la caída.

A colorful storybook illustration of a very round, stout person with a large circular body shape.
obesidad

obesity

La obesidad es un problema de salud pública en muchos países.

A wooden puppet with limp strings resting on a simple chair, unable to move its arms or legs.
parálisis

paralysis

La parálisis facial le impedía sonreír.

A small, nervous character peering around a corner with wide eyes, while simple shadows of figures loom on the wall behind them.
paranoia

paranoia

Tengo la paranoia de que alguien me está siguiendo.

A cartoon character depiction of intense anger, showing a red face and steam escaping from the head.
rabia

rage

Sentí tanta rabia cuando perdí el partido que rompí la raqueta.

A man with a very angry facial expression, red face, and clenched fists.
rabioso

furious

Mi jefe se puso rabioso cuando vio el informe.

A sad person tucked into bed with a thermometer and a bowl of soup, looking unwell again.
recaer

to relapse

Después de tres meses sin fumar, lamentablemente recayó.

A white bandage with a single, vivid red bloodstain in the center.
sangriento

bloody

El boxeador salió del ring con el rostro sangriento.

A figure sitting down looking fatigued or unwell, surrounded by three distinct, floating symbols representing multiple symptoms: a red lightning bolt for pain, a blue swirling cloud for confusion, and a yellow droplet for fever. This illustrates a medical syndrome.
síndrome

syndrome

El doctor identificó los síntomas y confirmó el síndrome.

A small, vulnerable figure is sitting huddled on the ground, enveloped by a large, swirling, dark cloud or shadow, symbolizing psychological shock.
trauma

trauma

Superar un trauma infantil puede ser un proceso largo.

A small, sad child sitting alone on a wooden bench, hugging their knees with a dark, heavy cloud hovering closely above them.
traumático

traumatic

Fue una experiencia muy traumática para toda la familia.

A person looking at a photo album with blank white pages, appearing confused and thoughtful.
amnesia

amnesia

Ella tiene amnesia y no recuerda su nombre.

A child sitting on a park bench holding a small blue inhaler to their mouth.
asma

asthma

Tengo asma desde que era niño.

A small blue bird sitting alone on a branch under a single rain cloud while other birds fly together in the distance.
depresivo

depressive

Él está pasando por un episodio depresivo.

A pale, tired-looking child sitting on a sofa wrapped in a thick blanket, drinking tea.
enfermizo

sickly

De niño era un poco enfermizo y siempre tenía gripe.

A green cartoon germ cloud floating near a person sneezing into a tissue.
infeccioso

infectious

La gripe es un virus muy infeccioso.

A wide-eyed owl sitting on a branch under a bright crescent moon, looking very alert while the rest of the forest is dark.
insomnio

insomnia

No puedo dormir bien por el insomnio.

A green bottle with a skull and crossbones symbol next to a wilted flower.
intoxicación

poisoning

Llamamos a la ambulancia por una intoxicación de gas.

A colorful illustration of a person resting in bed with a warm blanket and a glass of water, showing they are recovering from a lung infection.
neumonía

pneumonia

Mi abuelo está en el hospital por una neumonía.

A close-up illustration of a small, red, circular sore on a patch of skin.
úlcera

ulcer

El médico me dijo que tengo una úlcera en el estómago.

B2Upper Intermediate (17 words)

A doctor's stethoscope resting on a clean, white surface.
afección

medical condition

El médico dice que es una afección leve de la garganta.

A colorful puzzle of a human head with a few pieces missing.
demencia

dementia

Mi abuelo fue diagnosticado con demencia el año pasado.

A large, white, round cell character looking exhausted and frail, being approached by several small, spiky red virus shapes, symbolizing a compromised immune system.
sida

AIDS

La prevención del sida es una prioridad de salud pública.

A small crack in a stone dam getting larger with water gushing through it.
agravar

to worsen

Sus palabras solo sirvieron para agravar el conflicto.

A character with a red face and steam coming from their ears to show intense anger.
cólera

anger

No dejes que la cólera te controle.

A person sitting with their hands over their heart, looking surprised and wide-eyed.
conmoción

shock

La noticia de su renuncia causó una gran conmoción en la oficina.

A close-up of a person's forearm showing a purple and blue bruise on the skin.
contusión

bruise

El jugador se retiró del campo con una contusión en la rodilla.

A simple drawing of a person sitting on the ground with their hands held up and shaky lines around them to indicate physical trembling.
convulsión

seizure

El niño tuvo una convulsión debido a la fiebre alta.

A person resting in bed with a cold compress on their forehead, looking slightly dazed and flushed.
delirar

to be delirious

El paciente empezó a delirar por la fiebre alta.

A person lying in bed with a feverish expression, seeing floating colorful swirls and bubbles in the air.
delirio

delirium

La fiebre alta le provocó un estado de delirio.

A nervous character peeking through closed window blinds into a quiet street.
paranoico

paranoid

No seas tan paranoico, solo fue una coincidencia.

A scientist in a white coat looking through a microscope at a colorful slide in a bright lab.
patología

pathology

La patología es una asignatura difícil en la carrera de medicina.

A colorful illustration of stylized green and purple germs seen through a round magnifying lens.
patológico

pathological

El médico analizó el tejido patológico en el laboratorio.

A colorful storybook illustration showing a person seeing a friendly floating purple dragon that isn't really there, representing a different reality.
psicosis

psychosis

El médico explicó que la psicosis puede ser tratada con terapia.

A simple medical illustration of a pair of healthy-looking lungs with a small, stylized microscopic view of rod-shaped bacteria next to them.
tuberculosis

tuberculosis

Mi bisabuelo se recuperó de la tuberculosis en un sanatorio.

A stylized illustration of an abnormal biological growth, depicted as a smooth pink sphere with a cluster of small, bumpy purple nodes growing irregularly from its surface.
tumor

tumor

El médico ordenó pruebas para saber si el tumor era maligno.

A colorful illustration of a human head with vibrant, swirling patterns of light and color emerging from it, representing an altered state of mind.
psicótico

psychotic

El paciente experimentó un episodio psicótico breve.

Grammar Tips

Gender and Number Agreement

Many illness and symptom words are nouns and follow standard gender and number agreement. For example, 'la fiebre' (fever) is feminine and singular, while 'los dolores' (pains) is masculine and plural. Adjectives describing symptoms must agree too: 'una tos seca' (a dry cough) vs. 'ojos rojos' (red eyes).

Verbs for Experiencing Symptoms

You'll often use verbs like 'tener' (to have) and 'sentir' (to feel) with symptoms. 'Tengo fiebre' (I have a fever) and 'Me siento mareado' (I feel dizzy). Notice the reflexive 'me siento' when using 'sentir' for personal feelings or physical states.

Common Prefixes

Spanish uses prefixes similarly to English for medical terms. 'Hiper-' means 'over' or 'excessive' (e.g., 'hipertensión'), and 'hipo-' means 'under' or 'low' (e.g., 'hipotermia'). Understanding these can help you guess the meaning of new words.

Common Mistakes

Confusing 'enfermo' and 'mal'

Mistake:Estoy enfermo hoy.

Correction: Estoy enfermo hoy. / Hoy me siento mal. 'Enfermo/a' usually implies a more specific illness, while 'mal' is a general feeling of being unwell. 'Me siento mal' is a very common way to say 'I feel sick/bad'.

Incorrect verb for feeling unwell

Mistake:Yo tengo cansado.

Correction: Yo estoy cansado. / Tengo cansancio. 'Cansado' is an adjective, so it pairs with 'estar'. 'Cansancio' is the noun 'tiredness', which you can 'tener' (have).

Adjective placement with symptoms

Mistake:Tengo una tos seca.

Correction: Tengo una tos seca. The adjective 'seca' (dry) correctly follows the noun 'tos' (cough). While some adjectives can go before, descriptive adjectives like this usually come after the noun in Spanish.

Cultural Notes

Self-Diagnosis and Home Remedies

In many Spanish-speaking cultures, it's common for family members, especially elders, to offer advice and home remedies for ailments. While a doctor is essential for serious issues, casual complaints might be met with suggestions like 'toma un té de manzanilla' (drink chamomile tea).

Expressing Pain

Spanish speakers often use 'me duele' (it hurts me) with body parts. For example, 'Me duele la cabeza' (My head hurts / I have a headache) or 'Me duelen los pies' (My feet hurt / My feet are sore). This structure is very common and practical.

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