Inklingo

Family & Relationships in Spanish

Talking about family and relationships is a big part of everyday life, and Spanish is no exception! This vocabulary set will help you discuss parents, siblings, partners, and friends, which is super useful for building connections. You'll find that Spanish often uses diminutives to express affection, something we don't do as much in English.

Quick Reference

SpanishEnglishExampleLevel
to hugQuiero abrazar a mi hermano.A1
abrazo
hug¡Qué alegría verte! Dame un fuerte abrazo.A1
grandpaMi abuelito me regaló un chocolate.A1
abuelo
grandfatherMi abuelo me enseñó a pescar.A1
adoptedMi perro es adoptado de un refugio.B1
to adoptQueremos adoptar un perro del refugio.A2
ama
lovesMi abuela ama las flores de su jardín.A1
amado
belovedEste es mi libro más amado; lo he leído diez veces.A2
amigo
friendJuan es mi mejor amigo.A1
little friendMi hijo invitó a su amiguito de la escuela a la fiesta.A1
last nameMi apellido es Fernández.A1
affectionLe tengo mucho cariño a mi abuela.A2

A1Beginner (47 words)

A child happily hugging a large, soft teddy bear.
abrazar

to hug

Quiero abrazar a mi hermano.

Two stylized figures standing and embracing each other warmly, illustrating a hug.
abrazo

hug

¡Qué alegría verte! Dame un fuerte abrazo.

A kind, smiling elderly man with white hair and glasses, wearing a cozy green sweater and sitting in a comfortable armchair.
abuelito

grandpa

Mi abuelito me regaló un chocolate.

A kind, elderly man with white hair and glasses sitting on a bench, happily reading a large storybook to a small child who is leaning against him.
abuelo

grandfather

Mi abuelo me enseñó a pescar.

A high quality storybook illustration showing two figures, perhaps children or simple characters, embracing each other warmly.
ama

loves

Mi abuela ama las flores de su jardín.

Two diverse male friends standing side-by-side with their arms around each other's shoulders, smiling warmly at the camera in a park setting.
amigo

friend

Juan es mi mejor amigo.

A storybook illustration showing a young boy and girl skipping happily together in a sunny park.
amiguito

little friend

Mi hijo invitó a su amiguito de la escuela a la fiesta.

A storybook illustration showing a smiling adult and a child standing together and holding hands, symbolizing a shared family name and lineage.
apellido

last name

Mi apellido es Fernández.

A close-up view of two hands, one slightly larger and one slightly smaller, gently holding. Both hands clearly display a simple gold wedding band on the ring finger.
casado

married

Mi hermano mayor está casado con una doctora.

A close-up illustration showing one hand gently placing a simple golden wedding band onto the ring finger of another hand, symbolizing marriage.
casarse

to get married

Mi hermana se casa el próximo mes en la playa.

A cheerful man wearing a simple wedding band on his left hand, standing closely beside his partner, symbolizing a husband.
esposo

husband

Mi esposo es médico.

A happy family consisting of a mother, a father, and one child sitting together on a green park bench, smiling warmly.
familia

family

Mi familia vive en Argentina.

A colorful illustration of a small family unit, consisting of two adults and one child, holding hands and smiling in front of a simple, stylized house.
familiar

family (adjective, used when modifying a noun)

Tuvimos una cena familiar muy grande el domingo pasado.

A high quality storybook illustration depicting a very young boy, smiling and holding a small toy car, representing a little brother.
hermanito

little brother

Mi hermanito tiene que ir a la cama a las ocho.

Two happy young boys smiling and holding hands in a sunny field.
hermano

brother

Mi hermano se llama Carlos.

A small boy with a happy expression standing next to a taller adult's hand.
hijito

little son

Ven aquí, hijito, vamos a comer.

A smiling father with his young son on his shoulders.
hijo

son

Mi hijo mayor se llama Carlos.

A woman with a warm, kind expression holding her young daughter in a gentle hug.
madre

mother

Mi madre es muy simpática.

A kind woman in a graceful dress smiling as she holds a baby wrapped in a white blanket during a ceremony.
madrina

godmother

Mi madrina me compró un libro para mi cumpleaños.

A warm illustration of a mother with brown hair hugging her young child, both are smiling.
mamá

mom

Mi mamá me lee un cuento cada noche.

A young child affectionately hugging a smiling woman, depicting a mother and child relationship.
mami

mommy

Mami, ¿puedes ayudarme con la tarea?

A colorful illustration of a smiling man and woman holding hands, representing a married couple.
marido

husband

Mi marido es de México.

A diverse group of adult women smiling and looking confident.
mujer

woman

Esa mujer es mi profesora de español.

A storybook illustration of a happy toddler boy wearing blue pajamas, crawling on a brightly colored rug.
nene

baby boy

El nene de mi hermana ya camina solo.

A happy, elderly man sitting on the floor, smiling, next to a small boy who is playing with colorful wooden building blocks.
nieto

grandson

Mi abuelo me dio un regalo. Soy su nieto favorito.

A colorful storybook illustration showing an adult woman, acting as a babysitter, sitting comfortably on the floor and reading a large picture book to a happy toddler.
niñera

babysitter

Contratamos una niñera para cuidar a los niños durante la boda.

A young man and a young woman standing close together, holding hands and smiling, symbolizing a boyfriend and girlfriend.
novio

boyfriend

Mi novio y yo vamos al cine esta noche.

A friendly-looking man smiling and holding the hand of a young child.
padre

father

Mi padre es profesor.

A man and a woman, smiling, standing next to each other with a small child between them, representing parents.
padres

parents

Mis padres viven en Argentina.

A smiling father holding his young child's hand while walking in a park.
papá

dad

Mi papá me enseñó a andar en bicicleta.

A young, smiling child standing next to a tall adult man, holding his hand affectionately.
papi

Daddy

¡Papi, mira mi dibujo! ¿Te gusta?

Two stylized figures, one slightly taller than the other, standing close together and holding hands, smiling warmly.
pareja

partner

Mi pareja y yo vamos a adoptar un perro.

A simple drawing of a smiling adult and a small child holding hands, representing a family relationship.
pariente

relative

Todos mis parientes vendrán a la boda.

A colorful storybook illustration showing a multi-generational family group: an older man (grandfather), a woman (mother), and two young children, all standing together and smiling happily.
parientes

relatives

Todos mis parientes vinieron a la boda de mi hermana.

Two young boys sitting on green grass, smiling and playing with a toy truck together.
primo

cousin

Mi primo Juan viene a visitarnos este verano.

A hand writing a letter on paper, with a large red heart drawn at the top of the page.
querido

dear

Querido papá: Te escribo para contarte mis noticias.

A cheerful young boy, representing the nephew, is holding hands and smiling at an adult relative, representing the aunt or uncle.
sobrino

nephew

Mi sobrino tiene cinco años y le encanta jugar fútbol.

A colorful illustration of a single woman standing alone and smiling confidently on a small hill, symbolizing the unmarried state.
soltero

single

¿Estás casado o soltero?

A kind, smiling older man with gray hair standing next to a younger man in a friendly, domestic setting.
suegro

father-in-law

Mi suegro es muy simpático y siempre cocina los domingos.

A young child happily handing a wrapped birthday gift to a smiling adult woman who is clearly their aunt.
tía

aunt

Mi tía Ana es la hermana de mi madre.

A friendly, smiling man depicted as an uncle standing next to a young child.
tío

uncle

Mi tío Juan vive en Madrid.

A simple storybook illustration showing two friendly people, a man and a woman, leaning over a low wooden fence between their colorful adjacent houses, engaged in conversation.
vecinos

neighbors

Nuestros vecinos nos invitaron a una barbacoa.

A pair of heavily worn, cracked brown leather boots lying on a wooden floor, showing signs of age and extensive use.
viejos

old

Los edificios viejos están en el centro de la ciudad.

A solitary older woman dressed in a simple black dress and a small black veil, sitting alone on a wooden bench in a peaceful garden setting, symbolizing a widow.
viuda

widow

Mi abuela es viuda y vive sola en el campo.

A kind-faced elderly person smiling warmly while holding a child's hand.
abue

grandma or grandpa

¡Hola, abue! Te traemos un regalo.

A friendly man smiling and walking in a park with a young child, holding hands.
padrastro

stepfather

Mi padrastro y yo nos llevamos muy bien.

A child giving a warm hug to their mother.
ma

Mom

¡Hola, ma! ¿Cómo estuvo tu día?

A2Elementary (24 words)

A smiling child hugging a friendly golden retriever in a cozy living room, symbolizing a new family bond.
adoptar

to adopt

Queremos adoptar un perro del refugio.

A colorful illustration of a child gently hugging a large, brightly glowing red heart, symbolizing deep affection.
amado

beloved

Este es mi libro más amado; lo he leído diez veces.

A depiction of deep affection shown through a gentle hug between a child and an elderly person.
cariño

affection

Le tengo mucho cariño a mi abuela.

Two friendly roommates cooking a meal together in a bright, cozy kitchen.
convivir

to live together

Ellos conviven en un apartamento muy pequeño.

A simple illustration showing two men shaking hands, with a woman standing between them and linking their arms, symbolizing the connection of a brother-in-law relationship.
cuñado

brother-in-law

Mi cuñado nos ayudó a pintar la casa este fin de semana.

A wooden wedding ring split neatly into two separate halves on a plain surface.
divorciado

divorced

Mi hermano está divorciado desde hace dos años.

A high-quality illustration showing two simple gold wedding rings lying apart from each other on a pale surface, symbolizing separation.
divorcio

divorce

El divorcio fue un proceso largo y difícil para ambos.

A small green sprout emerging from the soil in a pot.
futura

future

Ella es mi futura esposa.

Two identical young boys with the same hair and clothes standing side by side smiling.
gemelo

identical twin

Mi hermano es mi gemelo idéntico.

A woman in professional attire sitting behind a large, clean executive desk, looking confident and authoritative, symbolizing a manager.
jefa

boss

Mi jefa me pidió que terminara el informe antes del almuerzo.

A professional man in a dark suit sitting confidently at a large, polished desk in a bright, modern office, representing a boss or chief.
jefe

boss

Mi jefe es muy amable y comprensivo.

A group of three smiling adult women, each holding the hand of a small child, standing together in a park, illustrating the concept of mothers.
madres

mothers

Las madres de la escuela organizaron la fiesta.

A mother bird in a nest gently feeding her chicks.
materno

maternal

Mis abuelos maternos son de México.

Two simple, thick golden wedding bands interlocked at the center, symbolizing the state and institution of marriage.
matrimonio

marriage

Su matrimonio duró más de cincuenta años.

A man gently holding a baby over a baptismal font in a church setting, fulfilling the role of a godfather.
padrino

godfather

Mi padrino de bautizo es muy generoso.

A red apple and a green leaf floating side-by-side, connected by a simple, glowing, curved blue line, symbolizing a connection or link.
relación

relationship

No veo la relación entre las dos cosas.

A teacher sitting at a table with a student, pointing at an open book.
tutor

tutor

Hablé con mi tutor sobre mis notas.

A smiling adult couple kneeling down to give a warm hug to a happy young child in a cozy living room.
adoptivo

adoptive

Él quiere mucho a sus padres adoptivos.

Two simple gold wedding bands resting together on a soft white fabric.
matrimonial

marital

He reservado una habitación con una cama matrimonial.

A smiling young girl with pigtails sitting on the floor, playing with a single bright red toy block.
nena

little girl

La nena está durmiendo la siesta.

A father and a young child walking together, holding hands in a park.
paterno

paternal

Mi abuelo paterno nació en Madrid.

A happy family scene where a young man is warmly welcomed with a hug by an older couple in a cozy living room.
yerno

son-in-law

Mi yerno es médico y trabaja en el hospital central.

A very old man with white hair and a kind face sitting on a wooden bench next to a small young boy.
bisabuelo

great-grandfather

Mi bisabuelo nació en 1910.

A smiling father playing with his young child in a park.
pai

dad

Mi pai me enseñó a conducir el carro.

B1Intermediate (19 words)

A happy young boy hugging a golden retriever puppy in a cozy living room.
adoptado

adopted

Mi perro es adoptado de un refugio.

A friendly cat and a small dog napping together peacefully on a colorful rug.
convivencia

coexistence

La convivencia con mis compañeros de piso es muy tranquila.

A storybook illustration showing two simple, stylized figures standing far apart from each other on a plain background, symbolizing separation.
ruptura

breakup

Su ruptura después de cinco años fue muy dolorosa.

Two identical green rectangular blocks resting on a surface, clearly separated by a large gap between them.
separación

separation

La separación entre las mesas es obligatoria por seguridad.

A colorful storybook illustration of an elderly man in traditional clothing sitting on a wooden bench, telling stories to a young child.
antepasado

ancestor

Mis antepasados vinieron de un pequeño pueblo en Italia.

Two young men laughing and giving each other a high-five in a park.
brother

bro

¡Qué onda, brother! ¿Cómo has estado?

Two friendly men standing side by side, smiling and shaking hands warmly in a garden setting.
compadre

co-father

Mi compadre Juan viene a la fiesta de mi hijo.

A small child standing next to an elderly man, showing a family connection.
descendiente

descendant

Ella dice que es descendiente de una familia noble.

A young woman formally holding a large, ornate, sealed scroll tied with a red ribbon, symbolizing her official receipt of an inheritance.
heredero

heir

El hijo mayor fue nombrado heredero de toda la fortuna.

A simple illustration showing two people embracing warmly, symbolizing a strong, shared bond of brotherhood.
hermandad

brotherhood

La hermandad entre los bomberos es muy fuerte después de un incendio.

A sad person sitting on a park bench looking at a wilted flower while two people walk away holding hands in the background.
infiel

unfaithful

Él le fue infiel a su esposa.

A mother smiling and hugging her young child warmly.
maternidad

motherhood

La maternidad cambió mi forma de ver el mundo.

A man in formal attire smiling happily while holding a small jewelry box containing an engagement ring.
prometido

fiancé

Mi prometido y yo estamos planeando la boda para el próximo año.

A kind elderly man in traditional clothing standing behind a small child, representing family lineage.
ancestro

ancestor

Mis ancestros vinieron de Italia hace cien años.

A happy couple in formal wedding attire standing under a floral archway.
casamiento

wedding

Fuimos al casamiento de mi primo el sábado pasado.

A smiling officiant wearing a formal robe standing in front of two figures who are holding hands, symbolizing the act of marrying them.
casar

to marry

El juez casó a la pareja en el ayuntamiento.

A gold wedding ring split into two separate pieces on a simple wooden surface.
divorciar

to divorce

El juez va a divorciar a la pareja el próximo mes.

A small child sitting alone on a wooden bench holding a single teddy bear.
huérfano

orphan

El niño se quedó huérfano tras el accidente.

A father smiling while holding his young child's hand as they walk through a park.
paternidad

fatherhood

La paternidad ha cambiado su forma de ver la vida.

Grammar Tips

Gender Agreement is Key

Remember that nouns referring to people and relationships have grammatical gender. Adjectives describing them must match! For example, 'mi amigo' (my male friend) vs. 'mi amiga' (my female friend).

Expressing Affection with Diminutives

Spanish speakers frequently use suffixes like '-ito/-ita' or '-ico/-ica' to create affectionate versions of words. 'Abuelo' (grandfather) becomes 'abuelito' (grandpa/dear grandpa), and 'tía' (aunt) can become 'tita' (auntie).

Plurals for Groups

When referring to a mixed-gender group or a group where gender is unknown, use the masculine plural form. For example, 'los amigos' can mean 'the friends' (all male) or 'the friends' (mixed group).

Common Mistakes

Incorrect gender for 'friend'

Mistake:Tengo un amiga.

Correction: Tengo un amigo. / Tengo una amiga. — The article 'un' is masculine and must agree with the noun 'amigo' (male friend). For a female friend, you would use 'una amiga'.

Confusing 'aunt' and 'grandma'

Mistake:Mi tia es vieja.

Correction: Mi abuela es vieja. — While 'tía' means aunt, 'abuela' means grandmother. Ensure you're using the correct term for the family member you're describing.

Misplacing adjectives of affection

Mistake:Mi cariñoso hermano vive en Madrid.

Correction: Mi hermano cariñoso vive en Madrid. — Descriptive adjectives like 'cariñoso' (affectionate) typically follow the noun in Spanish. While some adjectives can precede, this is a common pattern to follow for clarity.

Cultural Notes

Family is Central

Family ties are often very strong in Spanish-speaking cultures, and 'la familia' can extend beyond the nuclear unit to include close friends who are treated like family.

'Sobrinho/Sobrinha' vs. 'Nieto/Nieta'

Be careful not to confuse 'sobrino/sobrina' (nephew/niece) with 'nieto/nieta' (grandson/granddaughter), as these are distinct familial relationships.

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