Arabic Alphabet & Letter Forms Trainer
Learn all 28 Arabic letters, their sounds, and connected forms. Explore examples, hear Arabic names, and practice recognizing letters inside words.
Choose a letter and compare its forms.
Listen to its name and example word.
Practice recognition and retry missed questions.
Ba · ب
b
This letter can connect to both neighbors when their joining rules allow it.
بَاب
door
The connector strokes show where neighboring letters attach. Shapes vary with font and handwriting. Device voices provide examples; they are not a pronunciation assessment.
Six letters that break the connection
ا د ذ ر ز و
After these letters, the next letter starts a new connected segment within the same word. No space is inserted. Compare بَاب: alif connects to the first ba but not the final ba.
Hamza, tāʾ marbūṭa, and alif maqṣūra
ء represents a glottal stop and may sit on a carrier. ة often ends feminine nouns; ى is alif maqṣūra, a final long ā, not the dotted ya ي. Lam and alif can form the ligature لا; it is still two letters.
Joining reference: W3C Arabic layout requirements.
Make sense of what you’re practicing
Arabic runs from right to left
Read letter sequences from right to left. Numbers and embedded Latin text may run in the opposite direction. The alphabet grid follows Arabic order from the upper right.
Joining depends on both neighbors
Most Arabic letters have four contextual shapes. Alif, dal, dhal, ra, zay, and waw only join to a preceding letter, so they have isolated and final forms. A letter inside a word may still appear isolated if its neighbors cannot connect.
Dots distinguish related shapes
ب ت ث share a basic shape, with different numbers and positions of dots. So do ج ح خ and د ذ. Learn the base shape, count the dots, then check whether they sit above or below.
Letters and vowels work together
Harakat mark short vowels; alif, waw, and ya can help represent long vowels. Hamza is a consonant, not simply a short-vowel mark. Once you recognize the letters, practice reading short, vocalized words in context.