Italian verb conjugator
Conjugate Italian verbs in 15 tenses and moods. Find forms, hear pronunciation, compare verbs, and practice with instant feedback.
essere
to be
Sono a casa e sono felice.
Six useful tenses to build your confidence. Choose a mood or All tenses to go further.
Presente
Present
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | sono | |
| tuyou · singular | sei | |
| lui / leihe / she / formal you | è | |
| noiwe | siamo | |
| voiyou · plural | siete | |
| lorothey | sono |
When to use it
Facts, habits, and what is happening now. Italian uses one present form for both ‘I speak’ and ‘I am speaking’.
Parlo italiano ogni giorno.
I speak Italian every day.
Passato prossimo
Present perfect / conversational past
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | sono stato | |
| tuyou · singular | sei stato | |
| lui / leihe / she / formal you | è stato | |
| noiwe | siamo stati | |
| voiyou · plural | siete stati | |
| lorothey | sono stati |
When to use it
Completed events, especially in conversation. Combine present-tense avere or essere with the past participle.
Ieri ho parlato con Giulia.
Yesterday I spoke with Giulia.
Imperfetto
Imperfect / used to
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | ero | |
| tuyou · singular | eri | |
| lui / leihe / she / formal you | era | |
| noiwe | eravamo | |
| voiyou · plural | eravate | |
| lorothey | erano |
When to use it
Past habits, descriptions, and actions in progress. It sets the scene instead of marking a completed event.
Da piccolo parlavo poco.
As a child I used to speak very little.
Trapassato prossimo
Past perfect
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | ero stato | |
| tuyou · singular | eri stato | |
| lui / leihe / she / formal you | era stato | |
| noiwe | eravamo stati | |
| voiyou · plural | eravate stati | |
| lorothey | erano stati |
When to use it
Something that had already happened before another past event.
Avevo già parlato con Giulia.
I had already spoken with Giulia.
Passato remoto
Historical / literary past
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | fui | |
| tuyou · singular | fosti | |
| lui / leihe / she / formal you | fu | |
| noiwe | fummo | |
| voiyou · plural | foste | |
| lorothey | furono |
When to use it
Completed past events in stories and historical writing; also common in speech in parts of Italy. Distance in time alone does not determine the choice.
Dante nacque nel 1265.
Dante was born in 1265.
Trapassato remoto
Preterite perfect
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | fui stato | |
| tuyou · singular | fosti stato | |
| lui / leihe / she / formal you | fu stato | |
| noiwe | fummo stati | |
| voiyou · plural | foste stati | |
| lorothey | furono stati |
When to use it
A completed event just before another passato remoto event, usually after quando, dopo che, or appena. Mostly literary.
Dopo che ebbe parlato, uscì.
After he had spoken, he went out.
Futuro semplice
Future
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | sarò | |
| tuyou · singular | sarai | |
| lui / leihe / she / formal you | sarà | |
| noiwe | saremo | |
| voiyou · plural | sarete | |
| lorothey | saranno |
When to use it
Future events and predictions. It can also express a guess about the present: sarà a casa (he is probably at home).
Domani parlerò con Giulia.
Tomorrow I will speak with Giulia.
Futuro anteriore
Future perfect
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | sarò stato | |
| tuyou · singular | sarai stato | |
| lui / leihe / she / formal you | sarà stato | |
| noiwe | saremo stati | |
| voiyou · plural | sarete stati | |
| lorothey | saranno stati |
When to use it
Something that will have happened before a future moment; also a guess about a past event.
Alle cinque avrò finito.
By five I will have finished.
Condizionale presente
Present conditional
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | sarei | |
| tuyou · singular | saresti | |
| lui / leihe / she / formal you | sarebbe | |
| noiwe | saremmo | |
| voiyou · plural | sareste | |
| lorothey | sarebbero |
When to use it
Polite requests, wishes, and hypothetical results. Vorrei means ‘I would like’.
Parlerei, ma non ho tempo.
I would speak, but I do not have time.
Condizionale passato
Past conditional
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | sarei stato | |
| tuyou · singular | saresti stato | |
| lui / leihe / she / formal you | sarebbe stato | |
| noiwe | saremmo stati | |
| voiyou · plural | sareste stati | |
| lorothey | sarebbero stati |
When to use it
An unrealized past possibility or a future event viewed from the past.
Avrei parlato, ma era tardi.
I would have spoken, but it was late.
Congiuntivo presente
Present subjunctive
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | sia | |
| tuyou · singular | sia | |
| lui / leihe / she / formal you | sia | |
| noiwe | siamo | |
| voiyou · plural | siate | |
| lorothey | siano |
When to use it
Often follows expressions of wishes, doubt, opinion, or emotion introduced by che.
Spero che tu stia bene.
I hope you are well.
Congiuntivo passato
Past subjunctive
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | sia stato | |
| tuyou · singular | sia stato | |
| lui / leihe / she / formal you | sia stato | |
| noiwe | siamo stati | |
| voiyou · plural | siate stati | |
| lorothey | siano stati |
When to use it
A completed action viewed through a present wish, opinion, or doubt.
Penso che abbia capito.
I think he or she has understood.
Congiuntivo imperfetto
Imperfect subjunctive
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | fossi | |
| tuyou · singular | fossi | |
| lui / leihe / she / formal you | fosse | |
| noiwe | fossimo | |
| voiyou · plural | foste | |
| lorothey | fossero |
When to use it
Often follows a past main verb, or se in a hypothetical condition. Use a conditional in the result clause.
Se parlassi piano, capirei.
If you spoke slowly, I would understand.
Congiuntivo trapassato
Past perfect subjunctive
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | fossi stato | |
| tuyou · singular | fossi stato | |
| lui / leihe / she / formal you | fosse stato | |
| noiwe | fossimo stati | |
| voiyou · plural | foste stati | |
| lorothey | fossero stati |
When to use it
An earlier past action after a past main verb, or an unreal past condition after se.
Se avessi studiato, avrei capito.
If I had studied, I would have understood.
Imperativo
Commands & invitations
| Person | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ioI | — | |
| tuyou · singular | sii | |
| Leihe / she / formal you | sia | |
| noiwe | siamo | |
| voiyou · plural | siate | |
| Loro (formal)they | siano |
When to use it
Direct commands use tu or voi; noi invites ‘let’s…’. Lei is the polite singular form. Formal Loro is rare. There is no io command.
Parla più lentamente, per favore.
Speak more slowly, please.
Negative tu: non essere. Modal commands are not included in this learner table; volere has formal uses such as voglia and vogliate.
Amber marks deviations from the regular pattern in the six essential tenses. Other tables show unhighlighted forms. The tables use a standard form where alternatives exist (for example visto / veduto). Potere, volere, and dovere use avere here; a following infinitive can affect their auxiliary. Finire and servire are shown in transitive use; vivere, salire, and scendere in intransitive use. Their auxiliary can change with meaning.
Infinitives, gerunds & past participle 5 forms
- Infinito presente
- essere
- Infinito passato
- essere stato
- Gerundio presente
- essendo
- Gerundio passato
- essendo stato
- Participio passato
- stato
Compound non-finite forms here use singular agreement. With essere, change the participle for plural subjects too. The past participle entry gives the dictionary form.
Meet essere in a story.
Notice è in its natural context, then keep reading.
Chiara ha un segreto. Ha il libro di Diego nella sua borsa. È luglio e Chiara arriva alla casa della nonna. Non vede Diego da tre anni. "È arrabbiato con me?" pensa Chiara. "Ho il suo libro da troppo tempo."Explore 100 Italian verbs
How Italian verb conjugation works
A verb changes with who is doing the action, when it happens, and how the speaker presents it. Learn a pattern, then use it in a sentence.
Find the verb family
Most infinitives end in -are, -ere, or -ire. In the present, io often ends in -o and noi in -iamo. Start with parlare, credere, and dormire.
Match the subject
Io is I, tu is informal you, and noi is we. Lui, lei, and formal Lei share a form. Italian often drops the pronoun: parlo already tells you who is speaking.
Choose the meaning
Use the indicative for statements, the conditional for wishes and hypothetical results, the subjunctive after many expressions of opinion or doubt, and the imperative for commands.
| Person | -are · parlare | -ere · credere | -ire · dormire | -isc- · capire |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| io | parlo | credo | dormo | capisco |
| tu | parli | credi | dormi | capisci |
| lui / lei | parla | crede | dorme | capisce |
| noi | parliamo | crediamo | dormiamo | capiamo |
| voi | parlate | credete | dormite | capite |
| loro | parlano | credono | dormono | capiscono |
Spelling can change to preserve pronunciation: cercare → cerchi, pagare → paghi, mangiare → mangerò. Learn irregular verbs by their recurring parts, and check the auxiliary along with the past participle.
Italian conjugation questions
How do you conjugate Italian verbs?
Start with the infinitive: parlare, credere, or dormire. Remove -are, -ere, or -ire and add the ending for the person and tense. For example, parlare becomes parlo (I speak), parli (you speak), and parla (he or she speaks). Irregular verbs such as essere and avere need their own patterns.
Which Italian tenses should I learn first?
Start with the presente and passato prossimo, then the imperfetto. These cover many everyday situations. Add the futuro semplice, polite conditional forms such as vorrei, and the imperative. Learn the subjunctive as you begin expressing opinions, doubts, and wishes. The Essentials view is a useful starting set, not a strict course sequence.
When do I use essere or avere?
Transitive verbs normally use avere. Reflexive verbs use essere, as do many verbs of movement or change of state, including andare, arrivare, and partire. Movement is not a universal rule: camminare and viaggiare use avere. With essere, the participle agrees with the subject: Marco è andato; Giulia è andata; Giulia e Anna sono andate.
What is the difference between passato prossimo and imperfetto?
Passato prossimo presents a completed event: ieri ho studiato (yesterday I studied). Imperfetto describes a habit, background, or action in progress: da bambino studiavo qui (as a child I used to study here). They often work together: studiavo quando hai chiamato (I was studying when you called).
How do reflexive verbs work?
Use mi, ti, si, ci, vi, or si before a finite verb: mi lavo, ti lavi, si lava. Compound tenses use essere and agreement: mi sono lavata. In an informal positive command the pronoun attaches to the end: lavati. A negative tu command can use non lavarti or non ti lavare.
What does -isc- mean in Italian conjugation?
Some -ire verbs, including capire, finire, and preferire, insert -isc- in the singular and third-person plural of the present indicative and subjunctive: capisco, capisci, capisce, capiscono. Noi and voi stay capiamo and capite. Dormire and partire do not use this pattern.
Can I search an English word or a conjugated form?
Yes. Try speak, andare, sono, or mi sono lavata. Shared forms can have more than one person or tense, so check the analyses against the sentence. Search covers the listed collection; unknown verbs are not guessed. Tables show common standard forms, not every regional, literary, or alternate form.
Is this Italian verb conjugator free?
Yes. Conjugation tables, explanations, comparisons, practice, saved verbs, and CSV export are free and require no account. Saved verbs stay in this browser. Audio availability depends on the Italian voices available on your device or through the site's speech service.
About this collection
100 selected verbs, 15 finite tense and mood tables, and five non-finite forms. These are active-voice learner paradigms, including selected reflexives. Passive forms, all pronominal combinations, the present participle, and every accepted variant are outside this collection. Level labels are learning suggestions.
Grammar references: Reverso’s Italian conjugation guide and WordReference’s Italian verb tables. For more context, try Italian stories or mixed-verb practice.